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Political Financing Handbook for Leadership Contestants and Financial Agents (EC 20195) – January 2022

3. Loans

This chapter discusses eligible sources of loans and how different loans and interest are reported. It covers the following topics:

  • Getting a loan
  • Types of loans
  • Loan interest
  • Repaying a loan

Getting a loan

Loans are used as a source of financing. The financial agent has to manage campaign finances properly to ensure that all loans are repaid.

Leadership contestants may receive loans from either a financial institution or an individual who is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident. Loans from any other person or entity are not permitted.

A written loan agreement must accompany all loans.

Loans from financial institutions

There is no limit to the amount a campaign can borrow from a financial institution. Note however that if the financial institution requires a loan guarantee, only individuals who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents can guarantee the loan. The amount an individual guarantees is subject to the individual's contribution limit.

Note: A financial institution must charge a fair market rate of interest on loans made to leadership contestants. Any forgone interest resulting from the financial institution charging a lower interest rate would constitute a non-monetary contribution from an ineligible contributor.

Example

The campaign is planning to borrow $16,750 and the bank requires a guarantor for the loan. Because guarantees from individuals are subject to the contribution limit, the campaign needs at least 10 individuals to guarantee the requested amount. Each guarantor is limited to guaranteeing $1,675 of the total loan amount.

Note: This example uses the limits in effect for 2022.

Loans from individuals

If an individual obtains a personal loan from a financial institution and lends those funds to a campaign, the lender is the individual and not the financial institution. The loan amount would be subject to the individual's contribution limit.

An individual can lend money to a campaign as long as the total of the individual's contributions, the unpaid balance of loans made that year and the amount of any outstanding loan guarantees made that year does not at any time exceed the contribution limit for a particular contest in the calendar year.

If the contestant obtains a loan from a financial institution and provides the funds to their campaign, this is a contribution from the contestant and is not a loan. The amount loaned by the financial institution can only be guaranteed by personal property of the contestant.

Note: An individual cannot use the money, property or services of another person or entity to make a loan to a leadership contestant, if the other person or entity provided those resources to make the loan possible.

Example

Khaled made a $675 contribution to Christine's leadership campaign. In addition, he takes out a $1,000 personal loan from his bank and lends it to the campaign. With that, Khaled has reached the annual limit for contributions to all leadership contestants in a particular contest.

Note: This example uses the limits in effect for 2022.

Types of loans

Term loan

A term loan is repaid in regular payments over a set period. It may be either a fixed rate loan, allowing the borrower to lock in at a specific interest rate, or it may be a variable rate loan, where the interest rate fluctuates over time. The term should end no later than three years after contest day.

Demand loan

A demand loan is a loan with no specific payment deadline. It is due whenever the lender demands to be repaid. It is recommended that the written loan agreement for a demand loan include a maximum term for the repayment that ends no later than three years after contest day.

Overdraft protection and line of credit

When a campaign uses overdraft protection or a line of credit, it is reported as a loan. If the financial institution requires a guarantee, only individuals who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents can guarantee the overdraft or line of credit. The amount an individual guarantees is subject to the individual's contribution limit.

For an overdraft or line of credit, the financial agent has to report the following information:

  • the amount of the loan
  • the name and address of the financial institution
  • the interest rate charged
  • the full name and address of any guarantors and the amounts they have guaranteed
  • for a line of credit where funds were transferred into the bank account before being used, the dates and amounts of any payments of principal and interest
  • the unpaid balance at the end of each calendar year and as of the date of the return

The amount of the loan is calculated as follows:

  • for an overdraft, it is the maximum amount overdrawn
  • for a line of credit where funds were transferred into the bank account before being used, it is the sum of all transfers to the bank account
  • for a line of credit where funds were paid directly to the supplier, it is the maximum amount drawn (and this is reported as an overdraft rather than a line of credit)
Example

The campaign bank account has overdraft protection of $1,000. The account goes into overdraft by $200 and the financial agent pays back $100 within the same day. Later on that day, the financial agent withdraws another $400 from the same account, bringing the highest amount overdrawn during the contest period to $500. The overdraft amount to be reported is $500. The financial agent has to report this amount in the Statement of operating loans section of the contestant's return.

Loan interest

Interest incurred on loans is a leadership campaign expense, whether it is paid or accrued.

Interest incurred during the contest period is a leadership contest expense, while interest incurred before or after the contest period is an other leadership campaign expense.

If the interest rate on a loan from an individual is lower than the market interest rate, the financial agent will need to record the forgone interest as a non-monetary contribution from the individual.

Note: If the loan is from an individual who is not in the business of lending money and the forgone interest on the loan is $200 or less, the non-monetary contribution is deemed to be nil.

Repaying a loan

Loan repayments may be made any time up to 36 months after contest day. Authorization is not required from Elections Canada or a judge before making these payments.

See Chapter 14, Managing Unpaid Claims and Loans.

Note: Loan repayments have to be reported for all types of loans except overdraft protection and lines of credit used to pay suppliers directly.