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Political Financing Handbook for Nomination Contestants and Financial Agents (EC 20182) – March 2019 – DRAFT guideline OGI 2019-03

This document is Elections Canada's draft guideline OGI 2019-03.

Click on the link for the latest Political Financing Handbook for Nomination Contestants and Financial Agents.

6. Fundraising

This chapter explains what portion of an amount given during a fundraising activity is a contribution and clarifies when fundraising expenses are nomination contest expenses. It covers the following topics:

  • Determining the contribution amount when contributors receive a benefit
  • Fundraising expenses
  • Regulated fundraising events
  • Typical fundraising activities (sale of branded goods, auctions, ticketed events, non-ticketed events and draws)

Determining the contribution amount when contributors receive a benefit

As part of fundraising, a nomination contestant's campaign might provide a benefit (T-shirt, dinner, etc.) to a contributor in exchange for a contribution. It is important to determine what portion of the money given is a contribution.

Flowchart 2 shows the basic rules for making that calculation. Terms used in the flowchart are explained in the sections below.

Flowchart 2: Basic rules for determining the contribution amount

Basic rules for determining the contribution amount
Text Description of "Flowchart 2 : Basic rules for determining the contribution amount"

What is a benefit's fair market value?

The fair market value of a benefit is generally the amount the nomination contestant's campaign paid a commercial provider for the property or service (that is, the retail price). This value may need to be deducted from the amount given by a contributor to arrive at the contribution amount.

If a benefit is not commercially available, such as access to a party leader, it has no fair market value. Nothing is deducted to arrive at the contribution amount.

When is a benefit central?

A benefit is central to a fundraising activity when it is a focal point of the activity. For example, items sold at an auction or branded goods sold in an online store are central to those fundraising activities.

The fair market value of benefits central to a fundraising activity are deducted from the amount given by a contributor to arrive at the contribution amount.

When is a benefit significant?

A benefit is considered significant when its fair market value exceeds 10% of the amount given or $75, whichever is less. This is called the de minimis threshold. When a benefit is significant, its value is deducted from the amount given by a contributor to arrive at the contribution amount.

If the contributor receives multiple small benefits, their values are added together to determine whether the overall benefit is significant in relation to the full amount given.

The de minimis threshold does not apply to cash or near-cash benefits, such as gift certificates, nor to items that are central to a fundraising event, such as the meal at a ticketed fundraising dinner. These are always deducted as part of the benefit.

Note: The de minimis threshold of 10% of the amount given or $75 is aligned with the threshold used by the Canada Revenue Agency to determine the eligible amount and the amount of an advantage for both political and charitable contributions.

OGI reference

For a detailed discussion of this topic, please refer to Elections Canada's interpretation note 2016-01, Fundraising, on the Elections Canada website.

Examples
  1. The nomination contestant's campaign rents a curling rink as a fundraiser and charges individuals $100 to play. The prorated cost per individual, based on expected attendance, is $10. Since the curling rink is central to the fundraising activity, $10 is deducted from the amount given and the contribution is $90. This is true even though the fair market value does not exceed 10% of the amount given or $75.
  2. In exchange for making a $20 contribution, contributors receive a box of chocolates. The cost of the chocolates was $5. Since the value of the chocolates exceeds 10% of the amount given, $5 is deducted from the amount given and the contribution is $15. This is true even though the chocolates are not central to the fundraising activity.
  3. Contributors who make a $100 contribution receive a keychain with the nomination contestant's name. The cost of the keychain was $5. Since the keychain is not central to the fundraising activity and its value does not exceed 10% of the amount given or $75, nothing is deducted from the amount given and the contribution is $100.

Fundraising expenses

Expenses reasonably incurred for property or services used during the contest period are nomination contest expenses. When it comes to fundraising, some expenses are exceptions to that rule:

  • contribution processing fees
  • expenses for a fundraising activity, other than promotional expenses

The term "processing fees" means the expenses for processing contributions, which may include bank charges, credit card processing fees, fees for other payment services (such as PayPal), salaries of fundraising staff and salaries for data entry when contributions are received.

While the above expenses related to a fundraising activity are not nomination contest expenses, any expense related to promoting the fundraising activity is. Examples include:

  • producing and distributing invitations to a ticketed fundraiser
  • procuring and distributing promotional items, such as pens or T-shirts
  • producing and mailing a letter or pamphlet that solicits contributions
  • producing and using a script for telephone calls that solicit contributions

Activities not directly linked to soliciting contributions

Expenses incurred by the nomination contestant's campaign for activities conducted during a contest period that are not directly linked to soliciting contributions are also nomination contest expenses. In these cases, incurring an expense and accepting a contribution are separate transactions.

Examples of such activities include:

  • non-ticketed events held to promote a nomination contestant, where contributions are also solicited
  • door-to-door promotion of a nomination contestant, where contributions are also solicited (in this case, salaries or other amounts paid to canvassers are nomination contest expenses)
  • contacting electors by phone or by other means to promote a nomination contestant, where contributions are also solicited (in this case, salaries paid to staff are nomination contest expenses)

Regulated fundraising events

What is a regulated fundraising event?

A regulated fundraising event is an event that:

  • is organized to financially benefit a registered party with a seat in the House of Commons
    (or, during a general election, a party that had a seat on dissolution) or one of its affiliated entities
  • is attended by one of these prominent people: the party leader, the interim leader, a leadership contestant or a federal Cabinet minister (minister of the Crown or minister of state)
  • at least one person had to pay or contribute over $200 to attend or to have another person attend

Note: Leadership contestants continue to be contestants and prominent attendees after the contest period, until they have fulfilled all their reporting obligations. Ministers also continue to be prominent attendees during an election.

It excludes the following events:

  • a leadership debate
  • a party or leadership convention
  • a donor appreciation event at a party or leadership convention
  • an event where at least one person paid over $200 to attend but no part of the payment was a contribution

Flowchart 3 can be used to check whether a fundraising event is regulated.

Note: Fundraising events organized after an election or a contest for the benefit of a candidate or a contestant continue to fall under these rules. People continue to be candidates or contestants until they have fulfilled all their reporting obligations.

Examples
  1. Barbara paid the $250 ticket price to attend a wine and cheese organized to benefit a nomination contestant. The guest of honour is a federal Cabinet minister who supports the contestant. This is a regulated fundraising event. Even though Barbara's contribution is only $190 after the benefit is deducted, the event is still regulated because the ticket price was
    over $200 and part of the payment was a contribution.
  2. Mehdi paid the $225 entrance fee to play in a baseball tournament organized to benefit a nomination contestant. The contestant is attending but there will be no prominent attendees from the party. This is not a regulated fundraising event.
  3. The nomination contestant's campaign sells tickets to its fundraising dinner with the party leader for $150 each. Jim buys a table of tickets for $1,200 and brings his family. Even though he paid more than $200 total for himself and his guests, no single person was required to pay over $200 to attend. This is not a regulated fundraising event. This event would be regulated if a person had to buy a whole table.

Flowchart 3: Regulated fundraising events

Regulated fundraising events
Text Description of "Flowchart 3 : Regulated fundraising events"

Nomination contestant's role in providing information about a regulated fundraising event

When a fundraising event is regulated, the registered party has to follow certain disclosure rules to avoid forfeiting contributions received as part of the event.

If the nomination contestant's campaign was involved in the event, it may need to provide the party with information so that the party can follow the disclosure rules.

If all or part of the event was organized by the registered party

The nomination contestant’s campaign has no official role to play in providing information to the party.

If all of the event was organized by the nomination contestant’s campaign or other persons or entities

The nomination contestant’s campaign and other organizers have to give the party the information it needs to follow the disclosure rules. See details in the next section.

Information must be provided far enough in advance of the disclosure deadline that the party has time to publish or report on it.

Note: If an event was organized by more than one nomination campaign, they should coordinate sending information to the party.

Information to provide outside and during a general election

The registered party needs information at different times, based on whether a regulated fundraising event is held outside or during a general election.

What to send the party for events held outside a general election
Before the fundraising event After the fundraising event

Provide this information so that the party can publish an event notice 5 days before the event:

  • event date, time and location
  • name of each entity or person that the event is organized to financially benefit
  • name of each prominent attendee whose attendance makes the event a regulated event (e.g. party leader)
  • required amount of contribution or payment to attend
  • individual to contact for more information about the event

Note: Five days' notice means that if an event is held on a Saturday, the latest day to give notice is Monday of that week.

Provide this information so that the party can submit a report to Elections Canada within 30 days after the event:

  • same information required in an event notice (excluding the individual to contact for event information)
  • name of each person or entity that organized the event or part of it
  • name, municipality, province or territory, and postal code of attendees aged 18 or older (some exceptions apply*)
What to send the party for events held during a general election
Before the fundraising event After the fundraising event

No information is required

Provide this information for each event held during the election period so that the party can submit a single report to Elections Canada within 60 days after election day:

  • event date, time and location
  • name of each entity or person that the event was organized to financially benefit
  • name of each prominent attendee whose attendance made the event a regulated event (e.g. party leader)
  • required amount of contribution or payment to attend
  • name of each person or entity that organized the event or part of it
  • name, municipality, province or territory, and postal code of attendees aged 18 or older (some exceptions apply*)

*In addition to minors, attendees are not listed in the reports if they attended solely for the following purposes:

  • to assist someone with a disability
  • as an employee involved in organizing the event
  • as part of a media organization or as a freelance journalist
  • as a member of security or support staff for the prominent attendee who led to the event being a regulated event
  • to provide volunteer labour

Note: If the nomination contestant's campaign is aware of changes to the information it provided, it must notify the party as soon as possible so that the event notice or report can be updated.

Returning contributions for non-compliance with disclosure rules

If the disclosure rules are not followed, the political entity that received monetary or non-monetary contributions as part of the regulated fundraising event must return them to the contributor or remit their amount to Elections Canada.

Any of these circumstances may require contributions to be returned:

  • outside a general election, the registered party fails to publish an event notice or notify Elections Canada about the event five days before it is held
  • the registered party fails to submit a report by the deadline or extended deadline, or includes the name or address of a person excepted from the list of attendees (for example, a minor)
  • an organizer fails to give the registered party information about an event in time for the party to publish an event notice or submit a report, or provides the name or address of a person excepted from the list of attendees (for example, a minor)
  • an organizer fails to notify the registered party of changes to the information it provided
  • the registered party fails to update an event notice on its website or a report to Elections Canada when it becomes aware of changes to the information

See Returning ineligible or non-compliant contributions in Chapter 2, Contributions, for more information on the process that needs to be followed when returning contributions.

Typical fundraising activities

This section explains how to manage various fundraising activities.

Sale of branded goods

Nomination contestants may sell branded goods in an effort to promote themselves and, in some cases, generate contribution revenue.

Contributions

When a branded good is sold for more than its fair market value (that is, more than the amount the campaign paid a commercial provider for the item), the purchaser is making a political contribution. The de minimis threshold does not apply in this case because the branded good is central to the fundraising activity. (See When is a benefit central? above.) Therefore, regardless of the value of the goods that are sold, the contribution amount is always the sale price less the fair market value of the item purchased.

Because campaigns only need to issue receipts for contributions over $20, the sale of a branded good will require a receipt under the Canada Elections Act only when the sale price less the fair market value exceeds $20. If a purchaser buys multiple items, each unit sold is treated as a separate contribution from a separate contributor. The total amount of contributions of $20 or less and the total number of contributors are then reported under anonymous contributions of $20 or less.

Examples
  1. To raise funds, the campaign sells T-shirts with the contestant's name for $25. The T-shirts were purchased from a supplier for $10 each, so the contribution generated by each T-shirt is $15 ($25 – $10). An individual who supports the campaign buys two T-shirts. The financial agent reports two anonymous contributions of $15. No receipt is required.
  2. The campaign sells laptop bags with the contestant's name for $75. The bags were purchased from a supplier for $50 each, so the contribution generated by each laptop bag is $25 ($75 – $50). An individual who supports the nomination contestant buys a laptop bag at a meet and greet. The salesperson records the contributor's name and purchase amount. The financial agent later records the contribution and issues a receipt for $25.

Expenses

The expenses incurred to produce and distribute branded goods (in other words, promotional materials) that are distributed during a contest period are nomination contest expenses.

Auctions

Campaigns may choose to raise funds through auctions, where property or services are sold to the highest bidder. An auction may lead to contributions from both the donor of the property or service that is auctioned and the winning bidder.

Donor's contribution

If the auctioned property or service is donated, its commercial value is a non-monetary contribution.

Note: If the commercial value of a non-monetary contribution is $200 or less, and it is from an individual not in the business of providing that property or service, the contribution amount is deemed to be nil.

Purchaser's contribution

An individual who buys an auctioned property or service makes a contribution if the bid amount exceeds the fair market value of the property or service. The fair market value is generally the amount that would be paid for the property or service in a commercial market.

Even if the fair market value of the item is $200 or less, its value is still deducted from the bid amount to arrive at the contribution amount. The de minimis threshold does not apply in this case because the sale of the property or service is the fundraising activity. (See When is a benefit central? above.) Therefore, regardless of the value of the auctioned property or service, the contribution amount is always the winning bid amount less the fair market value of the item.

However, if the auctioned property or service is not available on a commercial basis, the entire amount of the winning bid is a contribution under the Canada Elections Act. Note that under Canada Revenue Agency rules, this type of contribution is not eligible for a tax receipt because the value of the advantage cannot be determined. While a nomination contestant's campaign cannot issue tax receipts in any case, this is useful to note for agents who later work on the candidate's campaign.

Expenses

In most cases, when an auction is held during a contest period, expenses incurred by the contestant to purchase property or services that will be auctioned are not nomination contest expenses, because fundraising expenses are excluded from that definition. However, because expenses for producing and distributing promotional materials are specifically included, if any of the auctioned items promote a nomination contestant (such as branded goods), the expenses incurred are nomination contest expenses.

Examples
  1. An individual donated a painting to a nomination contestant's campaign for sale at an auction organized to raise funds for the campaign. A local art dealer appraised the painting at $450. During the auction, the winning bid for the painting was $600.

    The contribution amounts are as follows:
    • The donor of the painting made a $450 non-monetary contribution to the nomination contestant.
    • The winning bidder made a monetary contribution equal to the amount paid less the fair market value of the painting: $600 – $450 = $150.
    In addition, $450 (the painting's commercial value) is a nomination campaign expense not subject to the nomination contest expenses limit.
  2. An individual (who is not in the business of selling office furniture) donated an office chair to the nomination contestant's campaign for sale at an auction organized to raise funds for the campaign. The chair retails for $150. During the auction, the winning bid for the chair was $250.

    The contribution amounts are as follows:
    • The donor of the chair made a non-monetary contribution to the nomination contestant that is deemed to be nil (since the commercial value is $200 or less, and the chair was provided by an individual not in the business of selling chairs).
    • The winning bidder made a monetary contribution equal to the amount paid less the fair market value of the chair: $250 – $150 = $100.

Ticketed fundraising events

When a fundraising event such as a dinner or a golf tournament is held for the primary purpose of soliciting monetary contributions through ticket sales (including events with an entrance fee), the amount of a ticket purchaser's monetary contribution is the ticket price less the fair market value of the benefit that the bearer is entitled to receive. The de minimis threshold may apply to benefits that are not central to the event. (See When is a benefit significant? above.)

Benefit received

In the case of a ticketed fundraising dinner, the benefit received by each ticket purchaser includes the following:

  • if the event is held in a rented venue, the cost of the room rental and catering (prorated)
  • if the event is held in a restaurant, the amount the restaurant would normally charge for the meal
  • if the event is held in a private venue, the fair market value of the meal; no value is attributed to the use of an individual's private residence
  • door prizes (prorated) (de minimis threshold may apply)
  • complimentary items such as pens or key chains (de minimis threshold may apply)
  • rental of audiovisual equipment and other general expenses (prorated)

In the case of a ticketed golf tournament, the benefit received by each ticket purchaser includes the following:

  • green fee (excluded for golf club members whose green fees are already paid)
  • cart rental
  • meal
  • complimentary items (de minimis threshold may apply)
  • door and achievement prizes (prorated) (de minimis threshold may apply)

In both cases, the fair market value of producing and distributing materials promoting the event, including ticket printing, is not included in the benefit received because attendees do not gain from such activities.

Note: Be sure to exclude sales taxes and gratuities from the cost of food and beverages when calculating the benefit received at a ticketed fundraiser. This aligns with the Canada Revenue Agency's guidance.

Calculation based on expected attendance

The fair market value of the benefit is prorated based on the expected rather than the actual number of attendees. For example, an individual will receive the same dinner in the same venue regardless of the actual number who attend.

This fixed value is important in terms of contribution limits: it is necessary to determine the amount of the ticket purchaser's contribution in advance of the event so that individuals do not unknowingly exceed their limit.

Note: The expected number of attendees used in the calculation has to be reasonably supported by evidence (size of room rented, number of meals ordered, etc.).

Expenses

When a ticketed fundraising event is held during a contest period, most expenses incurred by the contestant are not nomination contest expenses because fundraising expenses are excluded from that definition. However, because expenses for producing and distributing promotional materials are specifically included, any such expenses incurred before or during the fundraising event are nomination contest expenses.

This includes expenses for promoting the event, printing tickets, and producing and distributing promotional items.

Examples
  1. The nomination contestant's campaign holds a ticketed fundraising dinner in a rented venue. Fifty attendees are expected, and tickets are sold at $150 each. The event includes dinner, entertainment, a pen with a logo for each attendee, and hockey tickets as a door prize. The campaign incurs the following expenses:
    • room rental: $500 ($500 / 50 = $10 per attendee)
    • catering, excluding sales taxes and gratuities: $1,500 ($1,500 / 50 = $30 per attendee)
    • live band and audio equipment: $400 ($400 / 50 = $8 per attendee)
    • hockey tickets: $400 ($400 / 50 = $8 per attendee)
    • pen with logo: $10
    The contribution amount for each ticket purchaser is determined as follows:
    Ticket price $150
    Less:
    Room rental $10
    Catering $30
    Band and audio $8
    Hockey tickets* $8
    Cost of pen with logo* $10
    Contribution amount $84
    *In this case, the total value of benefits received that are not central to the fundraising dinner (the hockey tickets and pen) exceeds 10% of the amount given ($18 / $150 = 12%). Therefore, the benefit is considered significant and the de minimis threshold does not apply. The fair market value of these benefits is deducted from the ticket price.
  2. A golf tournament is held during the contest period to raise funds for the nomination contestant. Participants are charged $300, and 100 individuals are expected to attend. The campaign incurs the following expenses:
    • green fees: $5,000 ($5,000 / 100 = $50 per participant)
    • cart rental: $4,000 ($4,000 / 100 = $40 per participant)
    • golf shirt with party logo: $15
    • door and achievement prizes: $300 ($300 / 100 = $3 per participant)
    • mailing promoting the event: $800
    The contribution amount for each participant is determined as follows:
    Participation fee $300
    Less:
    Green fee* $50
    Cart rental $40
    Golf shirt** -
    Prizes** -
    Contribution amount $210
    *If a participant is a golf club member and would not be charged a green fee, the cost of that benefit is not deducted from the participation fee. The contribution amount is $260.

    **In this case, the total value of benefits received that are not central to the golf tournament (the golf shirt and prizes) does not exceed 10% of the amount given ($18 / $300 = 6%) or $75. Therefore, the benefit is not considered significant and the de minimis threshold applies. The fair market value of these benefits is not deducted from the participation fee.

    The $800 promotional expense is a nomination contest expense of the candidate, and the balance of the expense for the event is a nomination campaign expense not subject to the nomination contest expenses limit.

Note: If participants are given the opportunity to sponsor a hole at a golf tournament, rules and restrictions apply. See Sponsorship or advertising at a political event is a contribution in Chapter 2, Contributions.

Non-ticketed events

Campaigns may hold an event for which no tickets are sold (and no entrance fee is charged at the door), but where contributions are solicited and received. In this case, the amount of an attendee's contribution is not reduced by the value of any benefit received (for example, food or drink) because attendees would have received the benefit whether or not they contributed. The giving of a contribution and the provision of a benefit by the campaign are separate transactions. Any contributions received at non-ticketed events are simply contributions at the amount provided.

Expenses

When a nomination contestant's campaign holds a non-ticketed event during a contest period, the expenses incurred are nomination contest expenses because they are not directly linked to accepting contributions.

Example

The financial agent organizes a meet and greet one evening during the contest period to talk about local issues. Light refreshments and appetizers are served while Christine, the nomination contestant, outlines her policy positions and answers questions. The participants have the opportunity to make a contribution to Christine's campaign. Any contributions received are recorded at the amount provided. The expenses for the food, beverages, room rental, etc., are nomination contest expenses, together with the expense for flyers distributed during the evening.

Draws

An individual who purchases a ticket for a draw for the chance to win property or a service is making a contribution under the Canada Elections Act equal to the ticket price. A prorated portion of the prize value is not deducted from the ticket price because a value cannot be attached to the hope of winning.

Note: Under Canada Revenue Agency rules, this type of contribution is not eligible for a tax receipt because the value of the advantage cannot be determined. While a nomination contestant's campaign cannot issue tax receipts in any case, this is useful to note for agents who later work on the candidate's campaign.

Provincial or territorial regulations should be consulted prior to organizing draws or other lotteries. In jurisdictions where draws are permitted, a licence from the province or territory may be required.

Expenses

For nomination contestants promoting a draw during a contest period, the expenses incurred to promote the draw are nomination contest expenses, regardless of when the draw occurs.