open Secondary menu

Consultation and Evaluation Practices in the Implementation of Internet Voting in Canada and Europe

Bibliography

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance (AODA Alliance). 2012 (December 7). "Elections Ontario's Progress Towards Deploying Telephone and Internet Voting Is Still Slow – Elections Ontario Doesn't Know When or If It Will Be Ready to Test These in an Ontario By-election, or Even If It Will Ever Agree Too [sic] Test These." AODA Alliance. http://www.aodaalliance.org/strong-effective-aoda/12072012.asp (accessed January 12, 2013).

Alvarez, Michael R., and Thad E. Hall. 2004. Point, Click & Vote: The Future of Internet Voting. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.

Alvarez, Michael R., Thad E. Hall and Alexander H. Trechsel. 2009. "Internet Voting in Comparative Perspective: The Case of Estonia." PS: Political Science & Politics 42, 3: 497–505.

Artuso, Antonella. 2010 (February 4). "Man in Wheelchair Has Trouble Voting in Toronto Centre By-election." Toronto Sun.

Auer, Andreas, and Alexander H. Trechsel. 2001. Voter Par Internet? Le Projet E-Voting dans le Canton de Genève dans une Perspective Socio-Politique et Juridique. Geneva: Helbing & Lichtenhahn.

Baldersheim, Harald, Jo Saglie and Signe Bock Segaard. 2012. "Internet Voting in Norway 2011: Democratic and Organisational Experiences." Paper presented at the World Congress of the International Political Science Association, Madrid, July 8 to 12.

Bélanger, France, and Lemuria Carter. 2010. "The Digital Divide and Internet Voting Acceptance." In Digital Society, 2010. ICDS'10. Fourth International Conference on Digital Society, Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 307–310.

Blais, André, and Peter Loewen. 2011. "Youth Electoral Engagement in Canada." Ottawa: Elections Canada.

Bochsler, Daniel. 2010. "Can Internet Voting Increase Political Participation? Remote Electronic Voting and Turnout in the Estonian 2007 Parliamentary Elections." Paper presented at the conference Internet and Voting, Fiesole, Italy, June 3 to 4.

Bond, Shirley. 2012 (August 7). Personal letter to Keith Archer, Chief Electoral Officer, Elections BC.

Boon, Martin, John Curtice and Sebastian Martin. 2007. Local Elections Pilot Schemes 2007: Main Research Report. London: The Electoral Commission.

Cain, Patrick. 2011 (October 7). "Ontario Voter Turnout Lowest Since 1867." Global News. http://www.globaltoronto.com/ontarioelection/111007_turnoutmap_2.html (accessed January 13, 2013).

Campion-Smith, Bruce, and Les Whittington. 2012 (November 30). "Elections Canada Reveals Massive Robo-Calls Probe of 2011 Election." Toronto Star.

Carter, Lemuria, and France Bélanger. 2012. "Internet Voting and Political Participation: An Empirical Comparison of Technological and Political Factors." ACM SIGMIS Database 43, 3: 26–46.

Carter, Lemuria, and Ronald Campbell. 2012. "Internet Voting Usefulness: An Empirical Analysis of Trust, Convenience and Accessibility." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC) 24, 3: 1–17. doi:10.4018/joeuc.2012070101.

CBC News. 2011 (October 22). "Vancouver Online Voting Pilot Nixed by Province." CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/10/22/bc-vancouver-online-voting.html (accessed January 14, 2013).

CBC News. 2012 (November 28). "Bill Karsten Takes District 3 in Vote Recount." CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/story/2012/11/28/ns-district-3-recount-judge.html (accessed July 12, 2013).

Centre for Public Involvement (CPI). 2012. "2012 Citizens Jury on Internet Voting." Edmonton, AB: CPI.

Chevallier, Michel. 2009. "Internet Voting, Turnout and Deliberation: A Study." Electronic Journal of E-Government 7, 1: 29–44.

City of Edmonton. 2012 (October 4). "Sweet! It's the 2012 Jellybean Internet Voting Election." City of Edmonton. http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/news/2012/sweet-its-the-2012-jellybean-internet-voting-election.aspx (accessed January 12, 2013).

Driza-Maurer, Ardita, Oliver Spycher, Geo Taglioni and Anina Weber. 2012. "E-voting for Swiss Abroad: A Joint Project between the Confederation and the Cantons." EVOTE2012 Proceedings. Vienna: E-voting.cc.

E-voting.cc. 2013. "Definitions." E-voting.cc. http://www.e-voting.cc/en/it-elections/definitions/ (accessed July 12, 2013).

Fung, Archon. 2006. "Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance." Public Administration Review 66 Special Issue s1: 66–75.

Geneva, Republic and State of. 2012. "List of all eEnabled Official Ballots Conducted in Geneva Since the Start of the Internet Voting Project." Republic and State of Geneva. http://www.ge.ch (accessed October 4, 2012).

Gerlach, Jan, and Urs Gasser. 2009. "Three Case Studies from Switzerland: E-Voting." Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Internet and Democracy Case Study Series.

Goodman, Nicole. 2010. "The Experiences of Canadian Municipalities with Internet Voting." CEU Political Science Journal 5, 4: 492–520.

Goodman, Nicole. 2011. eDemocracy and Citizen Engagement: The Delvinia Report on Internet Voting in Town of Markham. Toronto: Delvinia.

Goodman, Nicole. (in press). "Internet Voting in a Local Election in Canada." Internet and Democracy in Global Perspective. Edited by Bernard Grofman, Alex Trechsel, and Mark Franklin. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Verlag.

Goodman, Nicole, and Lesley Copeland. 2011. "Candidates Do it, Why Can't Election Agencies? The Town of Markham's Use of Facebook in the 2010 Municipal Election." Paper presented at the Bell Chair Graduate Student Conference in Canadian Politics, Ottawa, February 11.

Goodman, Nicole, Jon H. Pammett and Joan DeBardeleben. 2010. "A Comparative Assessment of Electronic Voting." Ottawa: Elections Canada.

Government of Nova Scotia. 2012. "Broadband for Rural Nova Scotia." Government of Nova Scotia. http://www.gov.ns.ca/econ/broadband/ (accessed January 12, 2013).

Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM). 2008. "By-Law Number A – 400 Respecting Alternative Voting."

Hillsdon, Paul. 2011 (April 3). "Online Voting Is Poised to Transform Canadian Democracy." Personal blog. http://www.paulhillsdon.com/2011/04/03/online-voting-is-poised-to-transform-canadian-democracy/ (accessed January 14, 2013).

Hughes v. Election [sic] Canada, 2010 CHRT 4 (CanLII)

Institute for Social Research (ISF). 2010. "Research and Evaluation of the E-Vote 2011 Project." Oslo: ISF.

International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES). 2010. "Tender Case no. 2011/205 – Research and Evaluation of the E-Vote 2011-Project." Washington: IFES.

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA). 2007. Voting from Abroad: The International IDEA Handbook. Stockholm: International IDEA.

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA). 2011. Introducing Electronic Voting: Essential Considerations. Stockholm: IDEA.

International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2012. "Key Statistical Highlights: ITU Data Release June 2012." International Telecommunication Union. http://www.itu.int/ITUD/ict/statistics/material/pdf/2011%20Statistical%20highlights_June_2012.pdf (accessed December 6, 2012).

Internet World Stats. 2012. Top 50 Countries with the Highest Internet Penetration Rate (table). Internet World Stats. http://www.internetworldstats.com/top25.htm (accessed July 5, 2013).

Jefferson, David, Aviel Rubin, Barbara Simons and David Wagner. 2004. "A Security Analysis of the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE)." http://www.servesecurityreport.org/paper.pdf

Jones, Douglas W., and Barbara Simons. 2012. Broken Ballots: Will Your Vote Count? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kamenova, Kalina, and Nicole Goodman. 2013. "A New Participatory Policy Model: The Edmonton Citizens' Jury on Internet Voting." Canadian Parliamentary Review 36, 2: 13–20.

Ladurantaye, Steve. 2012 (March 1). "Canada Tops Globe in Internet Usage." The Globe and Mail.

LeDuc, Lawrence, and Jon H. Pammett. 2006. "Voter Turnout in 2006: More than Just the Weather." The Canadian Federal Election of 2006. Edited by Jon H. Pammett and Christopher Dornan. Toronto: Dundurn.

Loeber, Leontine. 2008. "E-Voting in the Netherlands." EVOTE 2008 Proceedings. Vienna: E-voting.cc.

Luechinger, Simon, Myra Rosinger and Alois Stutzer. 2007. "The Impact of Postal Voting on Participation: Evidence for Switzerland." Swiss Political Science Review 13, 2: 167–202.

Maaten, Epp, and Thad Hall. 2008. "Improving the Transparency of Remote E-Voting: The Estonian Experience." EVOTE2008 Proceedings. Vienna: E-voting.cc.

Macpherson, Don. 2012 (August 29). "Record High Voter Turnout at Advance Polls for Quebec Election." Montreal Gazette.

Madise, Ülle, and Epp Maaten. 2011. "Internet Voting in Estonia." eDemocracy: A Group Decision and Negotiation Perspective. Edited by Simon French. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Verlag.

Madise, Ülle, and Tarvi Martens. 2006. "E-voting in Estonia 2005. The First Practice of Country-wide Binding Internet Voting in the World." Electronic Voting 2006, GI Lecture Notes in Informatics. Edited by Robert Krimmer. Bonn, Germany: Gesellschaft für Informatik.

Madise, Ülle, and Priit Vinkel. 2011. "Constitutionality of Remote Internet Voting: The Estonian Perspective." Juridica International, XVIII, 4–16.

Milner, Henry. 2010. The Internet Generation: Engaged Citizens or Political Dropouts. Lebanon, NH: Tufts University Press.

Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, Government of Norway. 2010. "Research and Evaluation of the E-Vote 2011-Project – Part 3: Annex 1 Specification of Requirements." Oslo: Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development.

Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, Government of Norway. 2012. "Summary of ISF Report." Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/krd/prosjekter/e-vote-trial/evaluations-of-the-e-voting-trials/evaluation-of-the-e-voting-trials-in-201/summary-of-the-isf-report.html?id=685824 (accessed July 5, 2013).

Monnoyer-Smith, Laurence. 2006. "How E-Voting Technology Challenges Traditional Concepts of Citizenship." EVOTE2006 Proceedings. Vienna: E-voting.cc.

Nolais, Jeremy. 2012 (April 23). "Alberta Provincial Election Advanced Ballot Turn Out 'Way Up.'" Metro News (Calgary).

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE-ODIHR). 2007. Republic of Estonia: Parliamentary Elections 4 March 2007: OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report. Warsaw: OSCE.

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE-ODIHR). 2011. Estonia: Parliamentary Elections 6 March 2011: OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report. Warsaw: OSCE.

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE-ODIHR). 2012a. Swiss Confederation: Federal Assembly Elections 23 October 2011: OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report. Warsaw: OSCE.

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE-ODIHR). 2012b. Norway: Internet Voting Pilot Project – Local Government Elections 12 September 2011: OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Report. Warsaw: OSCE.

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE-ODIHR). 2012c. Republic of France: Parliamentary Elections 10 and 17 June 2012: OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report. Warsaw: OSCE.

Pammett, Jon H., and Lawrence LeDuc. 2003. "Explaining the Turnout Decline in Canadian Federal Elections." Ottawa: Elections Canada.

Pammett, Jon H., Lawrence LeDuc, Erin Thiessen and Antoine Bilodeau. 2001. "Canadian Voting Turnout in Comparative Perspective." Unpublished report prepared for Elections Canada.

Parliament of Norway. 2010. "Summary of the Debate of the Storting [Parliament of Norway], November 19, 2010." Oslo: Parliament of Norway.

Sciarini, Pascal. 2011. "Évaluation du Vote Électronique: Offre à l'Intention de la Commission Externe d'Évaluation des Politiques Publiques," courtesy of author.

Segaard, Signe Bock, Harald Baldersheim and Jo Saglie. 2013. "The Norwegian Trial with Internet Voting: Results and Challenges" (unpublished paper).

Sheedy, Amanda. 2008. Handbook on Citizen Engagement: Beyond Consultation. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks.

Simons, Barbara, and Douglas W. Jones. 2012. "Internet Voting in the U.S." Communications of the ACM 55, 10: 68–77.

Southern Gazette (Marystown, NL). 2011 (October 11). "Advance Polls Suggested Large Turnout for Provincial Election."

Statistics Canada. 2010. Internet Use by Individuals, by Location of Access, by Province: Nova Scotia (table). http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/comm36d-eng.htm (accessed January 12, 2013).

Statistics Canada. 2011. "Canadian Internet Use Survey (CIUS)." Statistics Canada. http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=4432&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2 (accessed January 12, 2013).

Stenerud, Ida Sofie Gebhardt, and Christian Bull. 2012. "When Reality Comes Knocking: Norwegian Experiences with Verifiable Electronic Voting." EVOTE2012 Proceedings. Vienna: E-voting.cc.

Taglioni, Geo. 2012. "Vote Électronique: A Joint Project Between the Confederation and the Cantons." Bern: Federal Chancellery of Switzerland. Slide presentation, courtesy of author.

Talaga, Tanya. 2012 (July 17). "Elections Ontario: Personal Data for Millions of Voters Missing." Toronto Star.

The Norway Post. 2012 (December 19). "Internet Voting Pilots Announced."

Treasury Board. 2009. "Directive on the Evaluation Function." Ottawa: Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat.

Trechsel, Alexander, and Kristjan Vassil. 2010. Internet Voting in Estonia: A Comparative Analysis of Four Elections since 2005, Report for the Council of Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Interviews and Personal Communications

Aardal, Bernt, Professor of Political Science; Signe Segaard, Project Director; and Jo Saglie, Researcher, Institute for Social Research, Oslo. Personal interview, October 23, 2012.

Archer, Keith, Chief Electoral Officer, Elections BC. Personal communication, March 8, 2013.

Atcheson, Kevin, Researcher/Policy Analyst, Elections BC. Personal interview, December 10, 2012.

Atcheson, Kevin, Researcher/Policy Analyst, Elections BC. Personal communication, December 20, 2012.

Baldersheim, Harald, Professor of Political Science, University of Oslo. Personal interview, October 23, 2012.

Campbell, Deborah, Assistant Municipal Clerk, Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Personal interview, October 15, 2012.

Cavanagh, Fiona, Project Manager, Centre for Public Involvement. Personal interview, January 8, 2013.

Chevallier, Michel, Head of Cabinet for the Chancellor of the State of Geneva. Personal interview, November 8, 2012.

Chevallier, Michel, Head of Cabinet for the Chancellor of the State of Geneva. Personal communication, February 18, 2013.

Crutchlow, Susan, General Manager, Canada, Scytl. Personal interview, November 29, 2012.

Froman, Adam, CEO, Delvinia. Personal interview, November 12, 2012.

Hänni, Liia, Vice-Director, e-Governance Academy, Tallinn. Personal interview, October 18, 2012.

Henderson, Ken, Assistant Returning Officer, Town of Truro. Personal interview, October 17, 2012.

Henderson, Ken, Assistant Returning Officer, Town of Truro. Personal communication, April 5, 2013.

Henderson, Ken, Assistant Returning Officer, Town of Truro. Personal communication, May 21, 2013.

Huycke, Stephen M. A., Acting Deputy Clerk, City of Markham. Personal interview, December 21, 2012.

Kamenova, Kalina, Postdoctoral Fellow and Interim Research Director, Centre for Public Involvement. Personal interview, September 9, 2012.

Kamenova, Kalina, Postdoctoral Fellow and Interim Research Director, Centre for Public Involvement. Personal communication, November 29, 2012.

Kamenova, Kalina, Postdoctoral Fellow and Interim Research Director, Centre for Public Involvement. Personal interview, January 14, 2013.

Kamenova, Kalina, Postdoctoral Fellow and Interim Research Director, Centre for Public Involvement. Personal interview, May 22, 2013.

Kennedy, Laura, Chief Elections Officer, City of Edmonton. Personal communication, January 4, 2013.

Krimmer, Robert, Director, OSCE-ODIHR. Personal interview, October 26, 2012.

Ladner, Andreas, Professor of Political Science, University of Zurich. Personal interview, November 6, 2012.

Maaten, Epp, Head of Department of Supervision, Estonian Information Systems Authority, Tallinn. Personal interview, October 19, 2012.

Martens, Tarvi, Project Manager, Estonian Internet Voting Project, Tallinn. Personal interview, October 15, 2012.

Martens, Tarvi, Project Manager, Estonian Internet Voting Project, Tallinn. Personal interview, November 6, 2012.

Martens, Tarvi, Project Manager, Estonian Internet Voting Project, Tallinn. Personal communication, March 26, 2013.

McKinnon, Lori, Election Coordinator/Assistant Returning Officer, Halifax Regional Municipality. Personal interview, December 11, 2012.

McKinnon, Lori, Election Coordinator/Assistant Returning Officer, Halifax Regional Municipality. Personal interview, May 22, 2013.

McKinnon, Lori, Election Coordinator/Assistant Returning Officer, Halifax Regional Municipality. Personal communication, July 15, 2013.

Mendez, Fernando, Senior Researcher, Centre for Research on Direct Democracy, and Director of eDemocracy centre, Aargau, Switzerland. Personal interview, November 6, 2012.

Nore, Henrik, Head of Project; Christian Bull, responsible for security and return codes; Ida Stenerud, responsible for the user interface and other technical matters, Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, Government of Norway. Personal interview, October 22, 2012.

Pearson, Jud, Returning Officer, Town of Truro. Personal interview, October 17, 2012.

Sciarini, Pascal, Professor of Political Science, University of Geneva. Personal interview, November 7, 2012.

Serdült, Uwe, Vice-Director, Centre for Research on Direct Democracy, Aargau, Switzerland. Personal interview, November 6, 2012.

Sinclair, Alayne, Returning Officer, City of Edmonton. Presentation, November 25, 2012.

Smith, Dean, President, Intelivote. Personal interview, October 16, 2012.

Taglioni, Geo, Project Leader, Vote Électronique, Federal Chancellery, Section for Political Rights, Bern. Personal interview, November 7, 2012.

Tallo, Ivar, Director, e-Governance Academy, Tallinn. Personal interview, October 16, 2012.

Trechsel, Alexander, Professor, European University Institute. Personal interview via Skype, September 14, 2012.

White, Bernie, Municipal Clerk and Returning Officer, Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Personal interview, October 15, 2012.

White, Bernie, Municipal Clerk and Returning Officer, Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Personal communication, December 17, 2012.

White, Bernie, Municipal Clerk and Returning Officer, Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Personal communication, July 17, 2013.

Wolf, Peter, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Stockholm. Personal interview, October 24, 2012.